---
title: "The Only Carbonara Recipe You Need (And Why Most Are Wrong)"
created: 2024-02-14 10:00
author: Amelia Fontaine
keywords: carbonara, pasta, eggs, guanciale, Italian, technique
description: Authentic spaghetti alla carbonara — no cream, no shortcuts — with a deep dive into why the technique matters and how to nail the emulsification every time.
---

![Pasta carbonara](assets/images/pasta.jpg)

# The Only Carbonara Recipe You Need (And Why Most Are Wrong)

I learned to make carbonara from a Roman butcher named Giorgio who sold guanciale out of a refrigerated cabinet the size of a wardrobe. It was 2011. I was twenty-three, living in Trastevere for the summer on a fellowship that paid almost nothing, and I ate pasta four nights a week because it was what I could afford. Giorgio noticed I kept buying pancetta instead of guanciale and, with the patience of a man who had seen tourists make terrible decisions for thirty years, spent fifteen minutes explaining why this was wrong.

That conversation changed how I cook.

## Why Cream is Not Just "a Variation"

Let me be clear before we begin: carbonara does not contain cream. This is not culinary snobbery or Italian chauvinism. It is a matter of understanding what the dish is. Carbonara is a demonstration of emulsification — the technique by which fat, egg proteins, and starchy pasta water combine into a glossy, clingy sauce. Cream short-circuits this process. It works, yes. You get something vaguely carbonara-like, pale and rich. But you have bypassed the thing the dish is teaching you, which is how to make a sauce from almost nothing using heat and motion.

Learning carbonara without cream is like learning to drive on an automatic: functional, but you miss something important about how the machine works.

## The Ingredients

For two people:

- **200g spaghetti** (or rigatoni, if you prefer something to grip the sauce)
- **150g guanciale**, cut into lardons roughly 1cm × 0.5cm
- **3 egg yolks** plus 1 whole egg
- **60g Pecorino Romano**, finely grated (or a 50/50 blend with Parmigiano)
- **Freshly ground black pepper** — and lots of it
- **Salt** for the pasta water only

Guanciale is cured pig cheek. It is fattier and more flavourful than pancetta, with a particular sweetness that pancetta lacks. In Rome, there is no substitute. In the UK or US, good-quality pancetta works as a reasonable second. Bacon does not work — the smoke flavour fights the egg.

The pepper is not optional. "Carbonara" takes its name from *carbone* (charcoal). The dish was allegedly made by charcoal workers, and the pepper represents the charcoal dust. Use it generously.

## The Method

**1. Get the pasta water boiling.** Heavily salted — it should taste like mild seawater. This starch-rich water is your sauce's best friend.

**2. Render the guanciale slowly.** In a large pan (you will need the surface area later), cook the guanciale over medium-low heat until the fat is mostly rendered and the edges are crispy but the interior is still yielding, about 8–10 minutes. Do not go too high — you want rendered fat, not burnt crisps. Turn off the heat.

**3. Make the egg mixture.** In a bowl, whisk together the yolks, whole egg, Pecorino, and a very generous amount of pepper. The mixture should be thick and pale yellow. Set aside.

**4. Cook the pasta until 90% done.** It will finish cooking in the pan, so pull it out a minute before al dente. Reserve at least 200ml of pasta water before draining.

**5. The critical moment.** Transfer the pasta directly into the guanciale pan (heat off). Add 3–4 tablespoons of pasta water and toss vigorously for 30 seconds until the pasta is well-coated and the temperature has dropped slightly — you want it hot but not searing. 

**6. Add the egg mixture off the heat.** Pour the egg and cheese mixture over the pasta and toss constantly and rapidly. The residual heat from the pasta and the pan cooks the eggs gently. Add pasta water a tablespoon at a time to adjust consistency — you want the sauce creamy and flowing, not dry and clumped. The whole process takes about 60–90 seconds.

**7. Serve immediately.** Carbonara waits for no one. The sauce continues to thicken as it cools. Finish with more Pecorino and more pepper at the table.

## Why It Scrambles (And How to Stop It)

Egg proteins begin to set at around 63°C and are fully cooked at 73°C. The goal is to stay below 73°C while getting the proteins warm enough to thicken the sauce — you want the texture of custard, not scrambled eggs.

The safeguards:
- **Turn the heat off** before adding the egg mixture. Always.
- **The pasta water** lowers the temperature of the pan and adds starch, which buffers the egg proteins and prevents rapid coagulation.
- **Constant motion** distributes heat evenly and coats every strand.
- **Working quickly** matters more than anything. Have everything ready before you cook the pasta.

If it scrambles anyway: the pan was too hot or the water was too starchy. Cool the pan in cold water for 10 seconds before adding the egg. Add more pasta water. Breathe.

## The Version Giorgio Made

Giorgio's carbonara was almost indistinguishable from mine except for two things. He used only Pecorino, never Parmigiano. And he always added one extra yolk "per il colore" (for the colour) — which turned the sauce a deeper, more vivid gold. I now do the same. It makes no rational sense that I have never been able to verify, but the carbonara tastes better for it, and that is probably all the reason I need.
