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Further Reading 110 conclusion Annotated bibliography organised by chapter, with commentary on essential secondary texts and resources for continued study. en

Further Reading

This annotated bibliography is organised by chapter. For each topic, the most accessible introductory texts are listed first, followed by more advanced or specialised works. All items marked [Core] are considered essential reading; unmarked items represent productive next steps for those wishing to go deeper.


Part I: Epistemology

What is Knowledge?

[Core] Gettier, E.L. (1963). "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" Analysis, 23(6), 121123. — Three pages that changed epistemology. Required reading.

[Core] Chisholm, R. (1977). Theory of Knowledge, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall. — The classic textbook on epistemological foundations.

Zagzebski, L. (1994). "The Inescapability of Gettier Problems." Philosophical Quarterly, 44(174), 6573. — Shows the structural depth of the problem.

Williamson, T. (2000). Knowledge and Its Limits. Oxford University Press. — Defends knowledge as a prime epistemic concept; difficult but rewarding.

Perception and Reality

[Core] Ayer, A.J. (1956). The Problem of Knowledge. Penguin. — Accessible and wide-ranging.

Dancy, J. (1985). Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology. Blackwell. — Chapter 6 on perception is particularly good.

McDowell, J. (1994). Mind and World. Harvard University Press. — Demanding but essential for understanding the conceptualism debate.

Scepticism

[Core] Descartes, R. (1641). Meditations on First Philosophy. — The primary source; any good translation suffices.

Stroud, B. (1984). The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism. Oxford University Press. — Why scepticism cannot be easily dismissed.

DeRose, K. (2009). The Case for Contextualism. Oxford University Press.

Truth

[Core] Horwich, P. (1998). Truth, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. — Deflationary theory, clearly argued.

Lynch, M. (2009). Truth as One and Many. Oxford University Press. — Pluralist theory.


Part II: Metaphysics

Existence and Ontology

[Core] Quine, W.V.O. (1948). "On What There Is." Review of Metaphysics, 2(5). — The classic statement of Quinean ontology.

[Core] van Inwagen, P. (1998). "Meta-Ontology." Erkenntnis, 48(23), 233250.

Thomasson, A. (2015). Ontology Made Easy. Oxford University Press. — Deflationary approach; valuable counterpoint to heavyweight ontology.

Identity and Persistence

[Core] Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons, Part III. Oxford University Press. — The most influential modern treatment.

Lewis, D. (1976). "Survival and Identity." In Rorty, A. (ed.), The Identities of Persons. Berkeley.

Olson, E. (1997). The Human Animal. Oxford University Press. — Animalist view.

Free Will

[Core] Kane, R. (1996). The Significance of Free Will. Oxford University Press. — Best defence of libertarianism.

[Core] Frankfurt, H. (1969). "Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility." Journal of Philosophy, 66(23). — Frankfurt cases; only five pages, transformative.

Strawson, P.F. (1962). "Freedom and Resentment." Proceedings of the British Academy, 48. — Foundational compatibilist paper.

Fischer, J.M. and Ravizza, M. (1998). Responsibility and Control. Cambridge University Press.

Philosophy of Mind

[Core] Nagel, T. (1974). "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" Philosophical Review, 83(4). — The classic statement of the explanatory gap.

[Core] Chalmers, D. (1996). The Conscious Mind. Oxford University Press. — Comprehensive case for the hard problem.

Dennett, D. (1991). Consciousness Explained. Little, Brown. — The physicalist response; readable and provocative.

Jackson, F. (1986). "What Mary Didn't Know." Journal of Philosophy, 83(5). — Knowledge argument in five pages.


Part III: Ethics

Metaethics

[Core] Mackie, J.L. (1977). Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong. Penguin. — Error theory; accessible and well-argued.

Blackburn, S. (1998). Ruling Passions. Oxford University Press. — Best recent defence of quasi-realism.

Enoch, D. (2011). Taking Morality Seriously. Oxford University Press. — Strong defence of robust moral realism.

Consequentialism

[Core] Mill, J.S. (1863). Utilitarianism. — Short; read in an afternoon; annotated editions recommended.

[Core] Singer, P. (1979). Practical Ethics. Cambridge University Press. — Applies utilitarian reasoning to live issues.

Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons, Part IV. — "Repugnant Conclusion" and population ethics; essential.

Deontological Ethics

[Core] Kant, I. (1785). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Trans. Korsgaard. Cambridge UP. — Use Korsgaard's translation and commentary.

[Core] Ross, W.D. (1930). The Right and the Good, Chs. 12. Oxford University Press.

Scanlon, T.M. (1998). What We Owe to Each Other. Harvard University Press. — Contractualist deontology; rich and rewarding.

Virtue Ethics

[Core] Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics, Books III, X. — Any good translation.

[Core] Hursthouse, R. (1999). On Virtue Ethics. Oxford University Press.

MacIntyre, A. (1981). After Virtue. University of Notre Dame Press. — Polemical and influential.

Political Philosophy

[Core] Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press. — Read at minimum Part I.

[Core] Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Basic Books. — Especially Ch. 7 on distributive justice.

Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary Political Philosophy, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. — Best survey text.


General Philosophy Reference

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (plato.stanford.edu) — Freely available online; peer-reviewed, regularly updated. An invaluable first resource for any philosophical topic.

[Core] Blackburn, S. (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press. — Concise, reliable reference for key terms.

Craig, E. (ed.) (1998). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. — 10-volume scholarly reference.


On Reading Philosophy

Philosophical texts reward rereading. A text that seems clear at first glance often conceals assumptions that become visible only on the third or fourth reading. Keep a running list of assumptions, note where each argument depends on undefended premises, and always ask: what would need to be true for this argument to fail?

Discussion and disagreement are essential. Read with a philosophical friend or in a seminar. The objections you make and receive in conversation will teach you more than any further reading.